Inverse problem Permanent Magnet Piezoelectric actuators Magnetic scalar potential Maxwell equations Electromagnetism Torque Motor Dynamic lumped model Shooting method Inverse Problem Interval analysis Deterministic global optimization Electric motor Heat transfer enhancement Minor loops Shear layer Optimal design Design optimization methodology Aeronautics Shape-memory Alloys Lumped model Boundary integral equations Electroactive morphing Bistable Conception Topology optimization Nonlinear modeling Simulation Branch&Bound Optimisation Axial flux machines Partial discharges Eddy currents Paschen Piezoelectric transformer Electromagnetic inverse problem Moteur électrique Shape memory alloys Control Electric Motors Magnetostatics Magnetic field Aerodynamics Electrical machine Numerical simulation Finite element method Additive manufacturing Dimensionnement Electromechanical impedance Design Morphing Lorentz force law Sensitivity Analysis HYBRIDIZATION Exact global optimization Finite elements Adjoint Method Incremental inductance Actionneurs PIV Optimal control Optimization algorithms Modèles numériques Global optimization Machines électriques Interval arithmetic Modeling Energy harvesting Modélisation Analytical modeling Force sensor FDTD Post-buckled beams Piezoelectricity Ironless Decontamination Branch and Bound Algorithm Magnetic coupling PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Optimization Décharges partielles Accouplement magnétique Piezoelectric energy harvester Electrical machines Piézoélectricité Smart materials Analytical model Hysteresis Turbulence Electromechanical actuator Numerical model Iron losses PDE-constrained optimization Modèles analytiques Hysterons Magnetic Flux Leakage Topology Optimization Bistability Actuators GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION